I-capacitor iyisakhi esigcina ishaja kagesi. Umgomo wokugcina amandla we-general capacitor kanye ne-ultra capacitor (EDLC) uyafana, kokubili ishaja yokugcina ngesimo sensimu ye-electrostatic, kodwa i-super capacitor ifaneleka kakhulu ekukhishweni okusheshayo nasekugcinweni kwamandla, ikakhulukazi ekulawulweni kwamandla okunembile kanye namadivayisi omthwalo osheshayo.
Ake sixoxe ngama-capacitor ajwayelekile ayinhloko ama-super capacitor ngezansi.
| Izinto Zokuqhathanisa | I-Capacitor Ejwayelekile | I-Supercapacitor |
| Ukubuka konke | I-capacitor evamile iyi-dielectric yokugcina ishaja engaguquki, engase ibe neshaja ehlala njalo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi. Iyingxenye ye-elekthronikhi ebalulekile emkhakheni wamandla kagesi. | I-Supercapacitor, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-electrochemical capacitor, i-double layer capacitor, i-gold capacitor, i-Faraday capacitor, iyisakhi se-electrochemical esakhiwe kusukela ngawo-1970 nawo-1980 ukugcina amandla ngokuhlukanisa i-electrolyte. |
| Ukwakhiwa | I-capacitor evamile iqukethe ama-conductor amabili ensimbi (ama-electrode) asondelene ndawonye ngesikhathi esifanayo kodwa angathintani, ane-dielectric evikela ugesi phakathi kwawo. | I-supercapacitor iqukethe i-electrode, i-electrolyte (equkethe usawoti we-electrolyte), kanye nesihlukanisi (esivimbela ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-electrode amahle nangalungile). Ama-electrode ambozwe nge-activated carbon, enezimbobo ezincane ebusweni bayo ukuze yandise indawo engaphezulu yama-electrode futhi yonge ugesi owengeziwe. |
| Izinto zikagesi | I-aluminium oxide, amafilimu e-polymer noma ama-ceramics asetshenziswa njenge-dielectrics phakathi kwama-electrode kuma-capacitor. | I-supercapacitor ayinayo i-dielectric. Esikhundleni salokho, isebenzisa ungqimba oluphindwe kabili lukagesi olwakhiwe yi-solid (electrode) kanye noketshezi (electrolyte) endaweni yokuxhumana esikhundleni se-dielectric. |
| Isimiso sokusebenza | Umgomo osebenzayo we-capacitor ukuthi ishaja izothuthwa ngamandla ensimini kagesi, uma kukhona i-dielectric phakathi kwama-conductor, ivimbela ukunyakaza kweshaja futhi yenze ishaja iqoqeke ku-conductor, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwesitoreji seshaja. | Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Supercapacitors athola isitoreji samandla okushaja esinezingqimba ezimbili ngokuhlukanisa i-electrolyte kanye nangama-redox pseudo-capacitive charges. Inqubo yokugcina amandla yama-supercapacitors iyakwazi ukuguquka ngaphandle kokusabela kwamakhemikhali, ngakho-ke ingashajwa futhi ikhishwe ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhathi ezingamakhulu ezinkulungwane. |
| Umthamo | Umthamo omncane. Umthamo ojwayelekile we-capacitance usukela ku-pF embalwa kuya ku-μF eyizinkulungwane eziningana. | Umthamo omkhulu. Umthamo we-supercapacitor mkhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi ungasetshenziswa njengebhethri. Umthamo we-supercapacitor uncike ebangeni eliphakathi kwama-electrode nendawo engaphezulu kwama-electrode. Ngakho-ke, ama-electrode ambozwe nge-activated carbon ukuze kwandiswe indawo engaphezulu ukuze kufinyelelwe umthamo ophezulu. |
| Ukuminyana kwamandla | Phansi | Phezulu |
| Amandla athile | <0.1 Wh/kg | 1-10 Wh/kg |
| Amandla athile | 100,000+ Wh/kg | 10,000+ Wh/kg |
| Isikhathi sokushaja/sokukhipha | Izikhathi zokushaja nokukhipha amandla zama-capacitor avamile ngokuvamile ziyimizuzwana eyi-103-106. | Ama-Ultracapacitor angashaja ngokushesha kunamabhethri, ngokushesha okungamasekhondi ayi-10, futhi agcine ukushaja okwengeziwe ngevolumu ngayinye kunama-capacitor avamile. Yingakho kubhekwa phakathi kwamabhethri nama-capacitor e-electrolytic. |
| Impilo yomjikelezo wokushaja/wokukhipha | Okufushane | Isikhathi eside (ngokuvamile i-100,000+, kuze kufike ku-1 million imijikelezo, iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yokusetshenziswa) |
| Ukusebenza kahle kokushaja/ukukhipha ishaja | >95% | 85%-98% |
| Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza | -20 kuya ku-70℃ | -40 kuya ku-70℃ (Izici zokushisa ezingcono kakhulu kanye nobubanzi bokushisa obubanzi) |
| I-voltage elinganisiwe | Okuphakeme | Ngaphansi (ngokuvamile i-2.5V) |
| Izindleko | Ngaphansi | Okuphakeme |
| Inzuzo | Ukulahlekelwa okuncane Ubuningi bokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu Ukulawula amandla okusebenzayo nokusebenzayo | Isikhathi sokuphila isikhathi eside Umthamo ophezulu kakhulu Ukushaja okusheshayo nesikhathi sokukhipha Umthwalo wamanje ophezulu Ububanzi bokushisa kokusebenza okubanzi |
| Isicelo | ▶Ukunikezwa kwamandla okukhipha okubushelelezi; ▶Ukulungiswa Kwezici Zamandla (PFC); ▶Izihlungi zemvamisa, izihlungi ze-high pass, nezihlungi ze-low pass; ▶Ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesignali; ▶Iziqalisi zemoto; ▶Ama-buffer (izivikelo zokuqhuma kanye nezihlungi zomsindo); ▶Ama-oscillator. | ▶ Izimoto ezintsha zamandla, izitimela kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhamba; ▶Ukunikezwa kwamandla okungenakuphazamiseka (i-UPS), okuthatha indawo yamabhange e-capacitor kagesi; ▶Ukunikezwa kwamandla omakhalekhukhwini, ama-laptop, amadivayisi aphathwayo, njll.; ▶Ama-screwdriver kagesi aphinde ashajwe angashajwa ngokugcwele ngemizuzu; ▶Izinhlelo zokukhanyisa eziphuthumayo kanye namadivayisi kagesi anamandla amakhulu okushaya kwenhliziyo; ▶Ama-IC, i-RAM, i-CMOS, amawashi namakhompyutha amancane, njll. |
Uma kukhona ongakwengeza noma okunye ukuqonda, sicela ukhululeke ukuxoxa nathi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-22-2021