I-coefficient yokumuncwa kwama-capacitor efilimu ibhekisela kuphi? Ingabe uma incane, kungcono?

Ngaphambi kokwethula i-coefficient yokumuncwa kwama-capacitor efilimu, ake sibheke ukuthi iyini i-dielectric, i-polarization ye-dielectric kanye nesenzakalo sokumuncwa kwe-capacitor.

I-Dielectric

I-dielectric iyisithako esingahambisani nogesi, okungukuthi, isivikelo, esingenawo amandla angaphakathi anganyakaza. Uma i-dielectric ifakwa ensimini ye-electrostatic, ama-electron nama-nuclei ama-athomu e-dielectric enza "ukuhamba okuhlobene kwe-microscopic" ngaphakathi kobubanzi be-athomu ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla ensimu kagesi, kodwa hhayi "ukunyakaza okukhulu" kude ne-athomu okungokwayo, njengama-electron akhululekile ku-conductor. Lapho kufinyelelwa ukulingana kwe-electrostatic, amandla ensimu ngaphakathi kwe-dielectric awekho zero. Lona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezakhiwo zikagesi zama-dielectric nama-conductor.

Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-dielectric

Ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi esetshenzisiwe, kuvela umzuzu we-dipole omkhulu ngaphakathi kwe-dielectric ngokuya ohlangothini lwensimu kagesi, bese kuvela ishaja eboshiwe ebusweni be-dielectric, okuyi-polarization ye-dielectric.

Isenzakalo sokumuncwa

isenzakalo sokulibala kwesikhathi enqubweni yokushaja nokukhipha i-capacitor ebangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kancane kwe-dielectric ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi esetshenzisiwe. Ukuqonda okuvamile ukuthi i-capacitor kudingeka ukuthi ishajwe ngokugcwele ngokushesha, kodwa ayigcwaliswa ngokushesha; i-capacitor iyadingeka ukuthi ikhulule ishaja ngokuphelele, kodwa ayikhululwa, futhi kwenzeka isenzakalo sokulibala kwesikhathi.

I-coefficient yokumunca ye-capacitor yefilimu

Inani elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza isenzakalo sokumuncwa kwe-dielectric sama-capacitor efilimu libizwa ngokuthi i-absorption coefficient, futhi libizwa ngokuthi yi-Ka. Umphumela wokumuncwa kwe-dielectric wama-capacitor efilimu unquma izici zemvamisa ephansi zama-capacitor, futhi inani le-Ka liyahlukahluka kakhulu kuma-capacitor e-dielectric ahlukene. Imiphumela yokulinganisa iyahlukahluka ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwe-capacitor efanayo; inani le-Ka liyahlukahluka futhi kuma-capacitor anencazelo efanayo, abakhiqizi abahlukene, kanye nama-batches ahlukene.

Ngakho-ke kunemibuzo emibili manje-

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe i-coefficient yokumuncwa kwama-capacitor efilimu incane ngangokunokwenzeka?

Umbuzo 2. Yimiphi imiphumela emibi ye-coefficient enkulu yokumuncwa?

A1:

Ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi esetshenzisiwe: i-Ka encane (i-coefficient encane yokumunca) → lapho i-polarization ye-dielectric (okungukuthi i-insulator) ibuthakathaka → lapho amandla okubopha ebusweni be-dielectric ephansi → lapho amandla okubopha e-dielectric eba mancane ekubambeni kweshaja → lapho i-capacitor imunca ibuthakathaka khona i-capacitor → i-capacitor ishaja futhi ikhipha ngokushesha. Isimo esifanele: I-Ka ingu-0, okungukuthi i-coefficient yokumunca ingu-0, i-dielectric (okungukuthi i-insulator) ayinayo i-polarization ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi esetshenzisiwe, ubuso be-dielectric abunawo amandla okubopha ekubambeni ekushajeni, kanti impendulo ye-capacitor kanye ne-discharge ayinayo i-hysteresis. Ngakho-ke, i-coefficient yokumunca ye-capacitor yefilimu incane kakhulu, kungcono.

A2:

Umphumela we-capacitor enenani elikhulu kakhulu le-Ka kumasekethe ahlukene uzibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kanje.

1) Amasekethe ahlukene aba amasekethe ahlanganisiwe

2) Isekethe ye-Sawtooth idala ukubuya okukhulu kwegagasi le-sawtooth, ngakho-ke isekethe ayikwazi ukululama ngokushesha

3) Izikhawuli, izibambo, ukuphambuka kwesimo samagagasi okukhiphayo okunciphile

4) Isikhathi esingaguquki sesihlungi esishelelayo semvamisa ephansi kakhulu siba sikhulu

(5) Iphuzu elingu-zero le-amplifier ye-DC liyaphazamiseka, ukuzulazula kwendlela eyodwa

6） Ukunemba kwesekethe yokusampula kanye nokubamba kwehla

7) Ukugeleza kwephuzu lokusebenza le-DC le-amplifier eqondile

8) Ukwanda kwe-ripple kusekethe yokunikezwa kwamandla

Konke ukusebenza okungenhla komphumela wokumuncwa kwe-dielectric akuhlukaniseki nomongo we-"inertia" ye-capacitor, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi esibekiwe ukushaja akukhokhiswa ngenani elilindelekile, futhi okuphambene nalokho kuphinde kukhishwe.

Ukumelana nokushisa (noma ukuvuza kwamanje) kwe-capacitor enenani elikhulu le-Ka kuhlukile kokwe-capacitor ekahle (Ka=0) ngoba kuyanda ngesikhathi sokuhlola eside (ukuvuza kwamanje kuyehla). Isikhathi sokuhlola samanje esichazwe eShayina singumzuzu owodwa.