Kusekhethi ye-DC, i-capacitor ilingana nokuvula isifunda.I-Capacitor iwuhlobo lwengxenye engagcina ukushaja kagesi, futhi ingenye esetshenziswa kakhuluizingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.Lokhu kuqala ngesakhiwo se-capacitor.Ama-capacitor alula ahlanganisa amapuleti e-polar kuzo zombili iziphetho kanye ne-dielectric evikelayo (kuhlanganise nomoya) phakathi nendawo.Uma amandla, amapuleti akhokhiswa, adala i-voltage (umehluko ongase ube khona), kodwa ngenxa yezinto ezivimbelayo eziphakathi nendawo, yonke i-capacitor ayinayo i-conductive.Kodwa-ke, leli cala lingaphansi kombandela wokuthi i-voltage ebalulekile (i-voltage yokuphuka) ye-capacitor ayidluli.Njengoba sazi, noma iyiphi into i-insulated.Lapho i-voltage entweni ethile ikhuphuka ngezinga elithile, zonke izinto zingahambisa ugesi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-breakdown voltage.Ama-Capacitor awahlukile.Ngemuva kokuthi ama-capacitor ephukile, awawona ama-insulators.Kodwa-ke, esigabeni sesikole esiphakathi, ama-voltages anjalo awabonakali kumjikelezo, ngakho-ke wonke asebenza ngaphansi kwe-voltage yokuwohloka futhi angathathwa njengama-insulators.Kodwa-ke, kumasekethe e-AC, isiqondiso sezinguquko zamanje njengomsebenzi wesikhathi.Inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha ama-capacitor inesikhathi.Ngalesi sikhathi, insimu kagesi eguqukayo yakhiwe phakathi kwama-electrode, futhi le nsimu kagesi nayo ingumsebenzi wokushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Eqinisweni, ukudlula kwamanje phakathi kwama-capacitor ngendlela yensimu kagesi.

Umsebenzi we-capacitor:

●Ukuhlanganisa:I-capacitor esetshenziswa kumjikelezo wokuhlanganisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-coupling capacitor, esetshenziswa kabanzi ku-resistance-capacitance coupling amplifier namanye ama-capacitive coupling circuits, futhi idlala indima yokuhlukanisa i-DC kanye ne-AC yokudlulisa.

●Ukuhlunga:Ama-capacitor asetshenziswa kumasekhethi okuhlunga abizwa ngokuthi ama-filter capacitors, asetshenziswa kusihlungi samandla kanye namasekethe okuhlunga ahlukahlukene.Ama-capacitor okuhlunga akhipha amasignali ngaphakathi kwebhendi ethile yefrikhwensi kusignali isiyonke.

●Ukuhlukanisa:Ama-Capacitor asetshenziswa kumasekethe ahlukanisayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-decoupling capacitor, asetshenziswa kumasekethe okunikezwa kwamandla kagesi e-DC wama-multistage amplifiers.Ama-Decoupling capacitor aqeda ukuxhumana okuyingozi kwe-low-frequency cross-phakathi kwe-amplifier yesiteji ngasinye.

●Ukususwa kokudlidliza okuphezulu:I-capacitor esetshenziswe kumjikelezo wokuqeda ukudlidliza okuphezulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-high frequency vibration elimination capacitor.Ku-amplifier yempendulo engalungile yomsindo, ukuze kuqedwe ukuzikhukhumeza okuphezulu okungase kwenzeke, lesi sijikelezo se-capacitor sisetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukukhala okuphezulu okungase kwenzeke ku-amplifier.

●I-Resonance:Ama-Capacitor asetshenziswa kumasekethe e-LC resonant abizwa ngokuthi ama-resonant capacitor, adingekayo kumasekethe e-LC parallel kanye nochungechunge oluhambisanayo.

●Ukudlula:I-capacitor esetshenziswe kumjikelezo we-bypass ibizwa ngokuthi i-bypass capacitor.Uma isignali kubhendi ethile yefrikhwensi idinga ukususwa kusiginali kumjikelezo, isifunda se-bypass capacitor singasetshenziswa.Ngokuvumelana nemvamisa yesiginali esusiwe, kunesizinda esigcwele imvamisa (wonke amasiginali we-AC) i-bypass capacitor circuit kanye ne-high frequency bypass capacitor circuit.

●Ukungathathi hlangothi:Ama-capacitor asetshenziswa kumasekhethi e-neutralization abizwa ngokuthi ama-neutralization capacitors.Kuma-amplifiers ama-frequency aphezulu kanye ne-intermediate frequency amplifiers kanye ne-TV high frequency amplifiers, lesi sijikelezo se-neutralization capacitor sisetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukuzithokozisa.

●Isikhathi:Ama-capacitor asetshenziswa kumasekhethi wesikhathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-timing capacitors.Isikhathi se-capacitor circuit sisetshenziswa kumjikelezo odinga ukulawula isikhathi ngokushaja nokukhipha ama-capacitor, futhi ama-capacitor adlala indima yokulawula isikhathi esingaguquki.

●Ukuhlanganisa:Ama-capacitor asetshenziswa kumasekethe okuhlanganisa abizwa ngokuthi ama-integration capacitors.Kusekhethi yokuhlukanisa ehambisanayo yokuskena kwenkundla okungaba khona ugesi, isignali yensimu yokuvumelanisa ingakhishwa kusignali ehlanganisiwe yenhlanganisela yensimu ngokusebenzisa le sekhethi ye-capacitor ebalulekile.

●Umehluko:Ama-capacitor asetshenziswa kumasekhethi ahlukene abizwa ngokuthi ama-different capacitors.Ukuze kutholwe isignali ye-spike trigger kusekethe ye-flip-flop, i-differial capacitor circuit isetshenziswa ukuthola isignali ye-spike pulse trigger kumasignali ahlukahlukene (ikakhulukazi ukushaya kwe-rectangular).

●Isinxephezelo:I-capacitor esetshenziswe kumjikelezo wesinxephezelo ibizwa ngokuthi i-comensation capacitor.Kumjikelezo wesinxephezelo se-bass somphathi wekhadi, lesi sijikelezo se-capacitor yesinxephezelo se-low-frequency sisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa isignali ye-low-frequency kusiginali yokudlala.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-high frequency compensation capacitor circuit.

●I-Bootstrap:I-capacitor esetshenziswe kumjikelezo we-bootstrap ibizwa ngokuthi i-bootstrap capacitor, evame ukusetshenziswa kumjikelezo wesiteji sokuphuma we-OTL amandla amplifier ukwandisa i-positive amplitude yomjikelezo wesigamu sesiginali ngempendulo enhle.

●Ukuhlukaniswa kwemvamisa:I-capacitor kumjikelezo we-frequency division ibizwa ngokuthi i-frequency division capacitor.Kusekhethi yokuhlukanisa imvamisa yesipikha sebhokisi lomsindo, isekethe ye-frequency division capacitor isetshenziswa ukwenza isipikha esikhuluma kakhulu sisebenze kubhendi yamafrikhwensi aphezulu, isipikha esinamaza amaphakathi sisebenze ebhendini yamaza aphakathi kanye nefrikhwensi ephansi. umsebenzi wesipikha ebhendini yefrikhwensi ephansi.

●Amandla okulayisha:ibhekisela kumandla angaphandle asebenzayo anquma imvamisa ye-resonant yomthwalo kanye ne-quartz crystal resonator.Amanani ajwayelekile ajwayelekile ama-capacitor okulayisha angu-16pF, 20pF, 30pF, 50pF, kanye no-100pF.I-capacitance yomthwalo ingashintshwa ngokuvumelana nesimo esithile, futhi imvamisa yokusebenza ye-resonator ingalungiswa ngenani elibiza ngokuyilungisa.

Njengamanje, imboni ye-filimi capacitor ingena esikhathini sokuthuthuka okuzinzile kusuka ku-
isikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo, kanye namandla e-kinetic amasha namadala embonini
isigaba soshintsho.